Mountainous PV construction must address specific challenges, including difficult terrain, land-use efficiency, policy requirements, and grid absorption pressures. Irregular and limited usable land in mountains requires higher installed capacity within a smaller footprint to reduce the number of brackets and foundation piles. Furthermore, mountain terrains are often exposed to extreme weather like strong winds and heavy snow, necessitating modules with enhanced mechanical load capacity and superior glass strength. Additionally, slope-induced shading is a major hurdle; modules with optimized shading tolerance and bifacial technology are required to leverage reflected light and maximize energy yield per watt.